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.You then see the OpenLinux login prompt.To go back to your X session, press Alt+F7.Using this approach, you can go back andforth between your X session and different consoles.Starting Multiple X11 SessionsNot only can you use multiple virtual consoles with OpenLinux during an X session, youcan also start and use multiple X consoles during an OpenLinux session.This means thatyou can log in, start X using one window manager at a particular color depth, and thengo to a different console, log in, and start another X session using a different windowmanager and color depth.Then, during your X session, switch between different con-soles and X window managers!Here s a step-by-step example that shows how to log and use the startx and kde com-mands at the same time:1.Start OpenLinux and log in.At the command line, start an X session with KDEusing 256 colors with:# kde2.Press Enter to start the X session (which uses the seventh virtual screen).3.After the KDE desktop appears, press Ctrl+Alt+F2.You re at the second virtualconsole and an OpenLinux login prompt.Log in to OpenLinux again.4.At the command line, use the startx command to start an X session using 64,000colors with the fvwm window manager and the Looking Glass desktop.Include the:1 and vt8 command-line options to start a second X11 session named :1 usingthe eight virtual screen, like this:# startx -- :1 -bpp 16 vt8The screen clears, and the fvwm and Looking Glass desktop appears (like the oneshown in Figure 7.1).The Looking Glass desktop is an X11 client used to provide a graphical work-space during your X11 sessions.The Looking Glass client appears by defaultwhen you use startx to start an X session.When the desktop appears, clickthe Caldera or Netscape icon to read the Looking Glass manual.You can findall the information you need to use this client with X. 10 526-2 CH07 8/26/99 10:42 AM Page 149Using the X Window System 1495.To go to your KDE session, press Ctrl+Alt+F7.To go to another virtual console,press Ctrl+Alt+F3 (because the first and second are being used).To go back tofvwm, press Ctrl+Alt+F8.Logging in to OpenLinux and X11 with xdmThe default configuration of OpenLinux is to boot Linux to a login prompt for aNEW TERMconsole, or shell command line.You can, however, boot OpenLinux directly to anX11 login prompt.This can be done by passing a kernel message, or boot-prompt option,through the LILO boot prompt or by configuring OpenLinux to start X11 and the xdm, orX display manager client, after booting.You must properly configure X for your computer s graphics card before try-ing this, or you can lock up your system!To boot directly to the xdm login screen, turn on your computer, and at the LILO bootprompt, type the following:linux 5After you press Enter, Linux boots and presents the xdm login screen, as shown in Figure7.3.This method works by booting OpenLinux directly to a particular run level, as speci-fied in the OpenLinux system initialization table, inittab, under the /etc directory.Runlevel 5 is defined in /etc/inittab as follows:x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemonThis line specifies that when OpenLinux is started, the login prompt is provided by xdm.To start your X session (which uses fvwm by default), type your username, press Enter,then type in your password, and press Enter again.To configure OpenLinux to boot directly to this login screen, log in as the root operator,and then open /etc/inittab with your favorite text editor.Scroll through the file untilyou see the following:# Default runlevel.id:3:initdefault:7Editing your system s initialization table is inherently dangerous! Make abackup copy first, and make sure to disable line-wrapping (such as using the-w option with the pico editor) when editing this file. 10 526-2 CH07 8/26/99 10:42 AM Page 150150 Hour 7FIGURE 7.3The xdm client is the Xdisplay manager andprovides a loginprompt to X.The initdefault line tells OpenLinux what run level to use by default.To boot directlyto the xdm login screen, change the 3 to a 5, like this:id:5:initdefault:Save the file, exit your text editor, and either use the command /sbin/telinit 5 orreboot OpenLinux with the shutdown command.When you reboot to OpenLinux, yousee the xdm screen, as shown in Figure 7.3.A nice alternative to xdm is the K Display Manager, or kdm.This client offersmore login choices and configurations than the stock xdm client.For detailsabout how to configure kdm, see the section Configuring kdm in Hour 8.X11 Window ManagersOne of the great things about X11 is that you have freedom of choice in how youNEW TERMwant to manage your windows and programs on your screen.All the hard workof screen management is done by a window manager, which is simply another X11 pro-gram or client.Of course, you don t have to use a window manager with X.For example,create a file called.xinitrc in your home directory with a single line:xterm 10 526-2 CH07 8/26/99 10:42 AM Page 151Using the X Window System 151Then use the startx command
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